
广东省经济升级对人口增减变化的影响及作用机制
Effects and mechanisms of economic upgrading on population change in Guangdong Province
从结构升级、功能升级和效率升级3个方面对经济升级进行阐述,以广东省区县单元作为研究对象,分析2000—2020年经济升级与人口增减的时空演化,运用面板回归模型探索经济升级对人口增减的影响及作用机制。研究发现:① 经济结构、经济功能和经济效率分别向服务业化、多样化和高效化的方向升级,并呈现显著的时空异质性;② 2010年以后全省区县人口缩减的范围和程度加剧,呈现“珠三角增长-粤东西北缩减”以及“城区增长-县市缩减”的空间分化;③ 经济升级对人口增减变化的作用路径有显著差异:经济结构的服务业化和经济效率的高效化对人口缩减有显著影响,而经济功能的多样化则有助于实现人口增长;④ 经济升级对人口增减变化的作用效果和显著程度与区县所在地区和所属类型相关。
This article categorizes the concept of economic upgrading from three dimensions: structure upgrading, function upgrading and efficiency upgrading. Based on districts and counties of Guangdong Province, China, this paper investigates the spatio-temporal evolution of economic upgrading and population change during 2000—2020, and uses the panel regression model to explore the effects of economic upgrading on population change. The results show that: 1) The directions of structure upgrading, function upgrading and efficient upgrading had transferred into tertiarization, diversification, and high-efficiency, respectively, and these directions presented significant heterogeneities in the spatio-temporal perspectives. 2) The scope and degree of population shrinkage in Guangdong Province increased after 2010, with more than two fifth districts and counties experienced population loss during the last decade. 3) Population growth and shrinkage further differentiated spatially, shown in two spatial patterns—“growth in the central region, shrinkage in peripheral regions” and “growth in districts, shrinkage in counties”. 4) The effects of economic upgrading on population change varied according to its dimensions; specifically, the tertiarization negatively impacted on population change, the diversification stimulated population growth, and the high-efficiency led to population shrinkage. 5) The effects of economic upgrading on population change also depended on districts and counties’ regional locations and administrative types; specifically, the effects of tertiarization and high-efficiency are significant in the Pearl River Delta region and the district-level towns, the effect of diversification is significant in the eastern and the northern regions as well as the county-level towns.
经济升级 / 人口缩减 / 收缩城市 / 多样化 / 广东省 {{custom_keyword}} /
economic upgrading / population shrinkage / shrinking cities / diversity / Guangdong {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 产业类别及具体行业的划分Table 1 Division of industrial category and specific sectors |
产业类别 | 行业门类 | 五普分类[29] | 六普分类[30] | 七普分类[31] |
第一产业 | 农业 | 农、林、牧、渔业 | 农、林、牧、渔业 | 农、林、牧、渔业 |
第二产业 | 资源利用业 | 采掘业;电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业 | 采矿业;电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业 | 采矿业;电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业 |
制造业 | 制造业 | 制造业 | 制造业 | |
建筑业 | 建筑业 | 建筑业 | 建筑业 | |
第三产业 | 传统服务业 | 交通运输、仓储及邮政业;批发和零售贸易、餐饮业 | 交通运输、仓储和邮政业;批发和零售业;住宿和餐饮业 | 交通运输、仓储和邮政业;批发和零售业;住宿和餐饮业 |
现代服务业 | 金融、保险业;房地产业;地质勘查业、水利管理业;科学研究和综合技术服务业 | 金融业;房地产业;租赁和商务服务业;信息传输、计算机服务和软件业;水利、环境和公共设施管理业;科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业 | 金融业;房地产业;租赁和商务服务业;信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业;水利、环境和公共设施管理业;科学研究和技术服务业 | |
公共服务业 | 社会服务业;卫生、体育和社会福利业;教育、文化艺术及广播电影电视业;国家机关、党政机关和社会团体;其他行业 | 居民服务和其他服务业;教育;卫生、社会保障和社会福利业;文化、体育和娱乐业;公共管理和社会组织;国际组织 | 居民服务、修理和其他服务业;教育;卫生和社会工作;文化、体育和娱乐业;公共管理、社会保障和社会组织;国际组织 |
表2 分析经济升级对人口增减变化的各变量的描述性统计Table 2 Descriptive statistics of all variables for analysing economic upgrading on population change |
变量 | 表征 | 具体指标 | 代码 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
被解释变量 | 人口变化 | 常住人口变化率 | POP | 0.015 | 0.022 | -0.040 | 0.125 |
核心解释变量 | 结构升级 | 服务业化指数 | SER | 1.182 | 2.240 | 0.122 | 32.294 |
传统服务业化指数 | TSER | 0.593 | 0.928 | 0.064 | 12.558 | ||
现代服务业化指数 | MSER | 0.184 | 0.708 | 0.006 | 10.339 | ||
功能升级 | 专业化指数 | RZI | 0.626 | 0.259 | 0 | 1.159 | |
多样化指数 | VAR | 2.520 | 0.366 | 1.390 | 3.396 | ||
相关多样化指数 | RV | 1.103 | 0.223 | 1.541 | |||
非相关多样化指数 | UV | 1.416 | 0.416 | 0.338 | 2.443 | ||
效率升级 | 全员劳动生产率 | EFF | 4.418 | 4.529 | 0.361 | 28.877 | |
全要素生产率 | TFP | 1.435 | 0.749 | 0.253 | 4.693 | ||
技术效率变化指数 | EFFCH | 1.355 | 0.269 | 0.476 | 1.989 | ||
技术进步变化指数 | TECHCH | 1.067 | 0.507 | 0.175 | 3.601 | ||
控制变量 | 人口规律 | 人口自然增长率 | BIR | 6.574 | 2.740 | -0.706 | 14.921 |
人口迁移变化率 | FLO | 0.137 | 0.154 | -0.031 | 0.584 | ||
公共服务 | 普通中小学毛入学率 | STU | 0.647 | 0.156 | 0.151 | 1.224 | |
卫生专业技术人员数 | DOC | 4.544 | 2.444 | 0.825 | 16.074 | ||
环境变化 | 二氧化碳排放量 | CO2 | 2.963 | 4.477 | 0.130 | 46.556 |
表3 经济升级对广东省人口增减变化的总体回归结果Table 3 Regression results of Guangdong’s economic upgrading on population change |
变量 | 结构升级 | 功能升级 | 效率升级 | |||||||
模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | 模型(5) | 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) | |||
注: ***、**、*分别表示在1%,5%和10%水平上显著;空白项代表该指标未纳入回归模型;变量解释见表2。 | ||||||||||
SER | - | |||||||||
TSER | ||||||||||
MSER | - | |||||||||
RZI | ||||||||||
VAR | ||||||||||
RV | ||||||||||
UV | ||||||||||
EFF | - | |||||||||
TFP | - | |||||||||
EFFCH | - | |||||||||
TECHCH | - | |||||||||
BIR | ||||||||||
FLO | ||||||||||
STU | ||||||||||
DOC | ||||||||||
CO2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
常数项 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
R2 | 0.489 | 0.496 | 0.474 | 0.426 | 0.426 | 0.485 | 0.480 | 0.479 | ||
样本量 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 |
表4 经济升级对广东省人口增减变化的分组回归结果(按地区分)Table 4 Grouped regression results of Guangdong’s economic upgrading on population change (by region) |
变量 | 结构升级 | 功能升级 | 效率升级 | |||||||||||
珠三角 | 粤东 | 粤西 | 粤北 | 珠三角 | 粤东 | 粤西 | 粤北 | 珠三角 | 粤东 | 粤西 | 粤北 | |||
模型 (9) | 模型 (10) | 模型 (11) | 模型 (12) | 模型 (13) | 模型 (14) | 模型 (15) | 模型 (16) | 模型 (17) | 模型 (18) | 模型 (19) | 模型 (20) | |||
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%,5%和10%水平上显著;空白项代表该指标未纳入回归模型;变量解释见表2。 | ||||||||||||||
SER | - | - | ||||||||||||
VAR | - | |||||||||||||
TFP | - | - | - | |||||||||||
控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | ||
R2 | 0.349 | 0.835 | 0.252 | 0.674 | 0.296 | 0.883 | 0.278 | 0.656 | 0.334 | 0.887 | 0.171 | 0.628 | ||
样本量 | 100 | 38 | 36 | 74 | 100 | 38 | 36 | 74 | 100 | 38 | 36 | 74 |
表5 经济升级对广东省人口增减变化的回归结果(按城镇分)Table 5 Grouped regression results of Guangdong’s economic upgrading on population change (by town) |
变量 | 结构升级 | 功能升级 | 效率升级 | |||||
县级城镇 | 区级城镇 | 县级城镇 | 区级城镇 | 县级城镇 | 区级城镇 | |||
模型(21) | 模型(22) | 模型(23) | 模型(24) | 模型(25) | 模型(26) | |||
注:括号内为聚类稳健标准误;***、**、*分别表示在1%,5%和10%水平上显著;空白项代表该指标未纳入回归模型;变量解释见表2。 | ||||||||
SER | - | |||||||
VAR | ||||||||
TFP | - | - | ||||||
控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | ||
R2 | 0.664 | 0.256 | 0.690 | 0.307 | 0.662 | 0.430 | ||
样本量 | 114 | 130 | 114 | 130 | 114 | 130 |
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